A History of Wells Gray Park

Indigenous Presence
Time Immemorial

The history of the Indigenous peoples of this land stretches far back, to time immemorial. The Simpcw and Tsq’escenemc First Nations have long used the lakes, rivers, and forests of what is now Wells Gray Park to sustain their communities. This rich and living history is essential to acknowledge, celebrate, and respect for a true understanding of the area.

Indigenous Societies in B.C.
Pre-1900s

Indigenous people have lived in the area now known as British Columbia for more than 10,000 years. They developed their own societies, cultures, territories, and laws. By the mid-18th century, when European explorers and settlers arrived, the province was already home to thousands of Indigenous people.

European Exploration
Late 1800s

Surveyors searching for potential routes for the Canadian Pacific Railway traversed parts of the Clearwater Valley. These surveys marked the beginning of European awareness of the area, though it remained largely untouched.

Discovery of Helmcken Falls
1913

Helmcken Falls was discovered, bringing widespread attention to the park’s spectacular waterfalls. Early visitors marveled at its height and power, establishing Wells Gray as a destination for adventurous travelers.

Pioneer Settlements
Early 1900s

Small groups of European settlers and ranchers established homesteads in the Clearwater Valley. Pioneer ranches, many of which leave visible remnants today (Ray Farm), introduced livestock, farming, and resource use to the area.

The Big Fire
July 26, 1926

A massive wildfire swept through the Clearwater Valley, starting near Spahats Creek and spreading north to the Mahood and Murtle Rivers. Strong winds carried firebrands miles ahead, igniting new fires. Whether caused by lightning or an abandoned fisherman’s campfire, this fire was a fateful event—the first such fire in hundreds of years.

Ecological Reset
Post-Fire 1926

The fire reset the valley’s forest ecosystems. Nearly every forest north of Spahats Creek today originates from this single event, creating the foundation for a new landscape that would later become a hunter’s paradise and tourist attraction.

Scientific and Ecological Impact
1926–1939

The aftermath of the fire provided a unique backdrop for research in forest regeneration, wildlife, and botany. Historic photos and studies document how the valley’s ecosystems recovered over time.

Establishment of Wells Gray Park
November 28, 1939

The park was officially established, named after Arthur Wellesley Gray, BC Minister of Lands (1933–1941). Its creation protected the valley’s landscapes, waterways, and natural heritage for future generations.

Park Expansions
April 1996

Key land additions, including the Clearwater River Corridor and Trophy Mountain, expanded the park’s boundaries, protecting additional wilderness areas, wildlife habitat, and cultural sites.

BC Parks Foundation
2020

The park’s interpretive programs were revived: the BC Parks Foundation helped restart the naturalist program under the new name Discover Parks Ambassador Program — bringing environmental education and outreach back to visitors.

Cave Discovery
April 2018

The dramatic discovery of a massive karst cave entrance was made in the park. The feature, informally referred to as Sarlacc’s Pit, has an entrance 100 m × 60 m and is potentially among the largest of its kind in Canada. In September 2018 a small scientific team descended ~80 m into the cave before being halted by an underground river. The full extent remains unknown. The area — including the drainage around the cave — was closed to the public by BC Parks immediately due to safety concerns, ecological sensitivity, and potential cultural significance. Trespass carries heavy fines and penalties. You can find more information here: Wells Gray Park Cave Discovery

Present Day

Educational and outreach infrastructure continues to grow: the Wells Gray Park Visitor Information Centre remains open (May–October full‑time, partial in winter) offering interpretive displays on Indigenous heritage, natural history, and local wildlife — serving as a hub for visitors to plan their trip and connect with guided experiences.